What are the biggest technical challenges for sustainable human habitats on Mars?

20 Eki 15:45

I'm curious about the engineering and life‑support systems needed for long‑term stays on Mars. Specifically, how do we handle reliable power generation, radiation shielding, and in‑situ resource utilization without relying on Earth resupply? Also, what are the most promising approaches for closed‑loop habitats that can sustain food, water, and air? Would love to hear thoughts on realistic solutions and any recent research directions you find promising.